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Archive for the ‘Profession of Arms’ Category

Army Modifies Body Composition Program, Adopts Waist-to-Height Ratio

Sunday, August 9th, 2026

WASHINGTON — The Army has replaced the long-standing height and weight tables, circumference-based tape test, and supplemental body fat assessments with the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) health assessment tool. This immediate change is part of a broader effort to accurately assess Soldier health, increase force readiness and continue to align the Army Body Composition Program with medically validated practices.

“This is about lethality and health,” said Sgt. Maj. Monsanto, Deputy Chief of Staff, G-1, Directorate of Prevention, Resilience, Readiness. “We are adopting new metrics to ensure our Soldiers are healthy and physically fit to fight and win.”

Under the new policy, all Soldiers will undergo a WHtR assessment twice per calendar year. A waist to height ratio of less than 0.55 is the new benchmark for compliance. The implementation of this assessment measures a Soldier’s waistline at the navel (belly button) and divides that measurement by their height in inches, which produces the ratio for record. The Army will conduct a 180-day assessment of the new WHtR to validate accuracy and determine if adjustments are needed.

Soldiers whose WHtR is 0.55 or greater will receive a confirmation test by another team on the same duty day to verify accuracy. If a Soldier fails the WHtR assessment, placement in the Army Body Composition program will follow to begin the process for compliance.

“Our human resource continuous transformation initiative requires that we modernize how we improve readiness and our warfighting lethality,” said Sgt. Maj. Monsanto. “By incorporating the Waist-to-Height Ratio, we are becoming more adaptive and agile, ensuring our Soldiers are healthy and physically fit to fight and win.”

The Army will continue to use a formal flagging action for Soldiers whose waist-to-height ratio is 0.55 or higher. Under the updated policy, these Soldiers are flagged and enrolled in the Army Body Composition Program until they meet the standard. No separation actions for failing WHtR will occur during the Army’s initial 180?day assessment period.

To ensure standards of professionalism remain consistent across the Army, commanders at any time may direct a Soldier to undergo a WHtR assessment if they are concerned that the Soldier does not meet the WHtR standard.

This transition to the Waist-to-Height Ratio marks a significant step in modernizing the Army’s approach to health and fitness. By adopting an accurate and medically validated standard, we are ensuring our Soldiers are prepared for the demands of the modern battlefield and fostering a healthier, more lethal force.

By Army Public Affairs

Jungle Tab Authorized for Wear Army-Wide

Friday, July 31st, 2026

According to a document shared by the Instagram account @tropiclightmeme, along with the following message, the US Army has added another authorized skill tab for graduates of Jungle School. Previously it was only authorized or wear in USARPAC. According to the authorizing memorandum, award of the Jungle tab is retroactive to graduates of Jungle Operations Training Center in Panama as well as the school in Hawaii.

The memorandum was digitally signed on 22 July, 2026 by Jules W. Hurst III, the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs).

Is the Arctic tab next?

“We always said you’d hear it from us first. Now here it is. The Jungle Tab is now official and approved for wear across the entire United States Army. See memorandum, or below, for specifics. Now make land navigation graded again. -TLM3”

SUBJECT: Approval to Establish the Jungle School Tab

1. References:

a. Army Regulation (AR) 600-8-22 (Military Awards)

b. AR 670-1 (Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia)

c. AR 25-30, (Army Publishing Program)

2. I approve the establishment and permanent Army-Wide wear of the Jungle Tab as an official skill tab. Retroactive eligibility is authorized for service members who executed unit level training at JOTC in Fort Sherman, Panama from 1990 until closure in 1999 or completed training at the Hawaii or Panama based Jungle Schools. Retroactive eligibility is granted for both courses.

Service Members will submit a Personnel Action Request (PAR) in IPPS-A with proof of completion (examples include graduation certificate, certificate of training, or unit orders) as supporting document. The approval authority for the PAR is the Battalion Commander or equivalent level commander.

3. The Deputy Chief of Staff, G-1 will incorporate the policy and procedures for the approval, presentation and wear of the Jungle Tab into the next revision of Army Regulation 670-1 and Army Regulation 600-8-22.

4. A copy of this memorandum has been provided to The Institute of Heraldry for historical reference.

5. The point of contact for this memorandum is LTC Christopher G. Montes, Assistant Deputy for Military Personnel Policy at (703) 697-5291 or christopher.g.montes.mil@army.mil.

New Army Command and General Staff College Course Creates AI Sharpshooters

Sunday, July 26th, 2026

FORT LEAVENWORTH, Kan. — Before any Soldier steps up to a sniper hide or takes a precision shot, they must first know their weapon inside and out.

From day one of basic training, Soldiers are taught to field-strip their rifles, understand the mechanics of the bolt carrier group, and know exactly what to do when the weapon malfunctions.

It isn’t magic; it is simply a tool of the trade.

The U.S. Army Command and General Staff College’s newest AI Basics elective course is applying that same philosophy to Artificial Intelligence.

Day one of the new course started with a question: How many people know how their rifle works?

“AI is just another weapon system,” Instructor and Curriculum Developer Lt. Col. Timothy Williams said. “This class is going to teach you how AI works to that level – how it is built, how it is trained, what it is you’re actually interacting with when you interact with these platforms. We’re going to teach you how to use AI not just as a rifleman, but a sharpshooter.”

Early in the Command and General Staff School’s 2026 Command and General Staff Officer Course academic year, fellow AI elective Instructor and Curriculum Developer Lt. Col. Anthony Joyce and Williams observed students using AI in varying levels of expertise.

The 48-hour elective was created to provide structure and a kind of basic training for AI mechanics of Large Language Models, what tokens are, and how data is ingested, similar to understanding how gas operates the bolt in an M4.

The elective is a two-pillar design focusing on foundational understanding of AI and how to use the technology effectively and then using that knowledge to create agents to solve real-world Army problems.

“We teach any AI user level how to leverage AI to make tools rapidly for warfighting organizations. Service men and women know what their tools need to do, now they can make them themselves,” Joyce said.

A foundational understanding of how AI works is critical to enabling the officers to go beyond using technology to solve basic staff work problems, similar to basic training, Joyce said.

By demystifying the technology, the CGSC elective is transforming staff officers from basic users firing generic prompts downrange into digital marksmen capable of surgical, data-driven precision, he explained.

“If you know how to make slides, you know how to do so with any tool. The same is what we’re teaching here in this class,” he said. “If you can build agents leaving this class you will be able to build agents across all the joint force platforms and softwares.”

A total of 130 students took the new elective. Nearly two thirds of them had little to no experience using AI in an operational environment.

According to both Williams and Joyce, that is 130 Soldier developers who, at their next units, will be AI agent ambassadors, effectively dispersing the no-cost software creation skill across the force.

The population that took the first AI elective represented not only U.S Army students, but joint service members and international students from allied partner nations.

The large variety of knowledge bases, services and nations challenged Joyce and Williams to create a curriculum that was deliberate in its delivery.

“One of the most surprising things to me about this elective course was the diversity of military occupational specialties [signing up to take it]. Everything from chaplains, Medical Corps, MPs, to the more obvious MI and Signal,” he said. “However, no matter their starting point, they all achieved the overall learning objectives that will enable the entire Army, joint force, and partner forces: they all became Soldier Developers.”

For Zambia Army student, Lt. Col. Victor Simukonda, the AI elective course was another means of building interoperability. He noted AI is something militaries across the globe are learning and this course demonstrated a U.S. Army capability that could be transferred.

“It gives us [international students] a better view, and understanding of the differences in capabilities. But this also is an opportunity to bridge that gap,” Simukonda said. “It helps us all start thinking of applying this in a similar manner that can help us achieve better interoperability and be able to work as allies and partners.”

At the end of the course, Simukonda created Vanguard, a modular command intelligence system, intended to assist soldiers in understanding doctrine and military information.

In building the agent, Simukonda learned more than just how AI works, but its intended application, problem solving.

“My biggest takeaway was to stop looking at artificial intelligence as merely tools that we create, but [stet] look at them as in things that help us solve problems,” he said. “It’s changing the mindset from a tools sort of mindset to a problem mindset. Sort of asking ‘what kind of an AI am I creating?’. We were encouraged to think of what are the problems that we’re trying to solve, and that ties into the human aspect of this system, or these systems that we’re creating are meant to help solve human problems.”

Similarly, Maj. Andrew Fletcher, a civil affairs officer, came into the elective course with very little experience with AI, but the staff and faculty encouraged him to take advantage of the professional military education environment that allows for space for experimentation.

The course did more than teach foundational understanding of what AI is, Fletcher explained, it changed how he thought.

“Once you understand how AI thinks and how it makes use of information in order to get you the answers that you’re asking for, it completely changes your mental framework for how you view information,” he said. “Now when you receive data, instead of viewing it and categorizing it how you used to, you start to view it in a way that can be made use of by AI. And I think that mental shift was key.”

After graduation, Fletcher transitioned to the 96th Civil Affairs Battalion under the Special Forces Group, taking with him his AI agent that assists in a secondary effect of the Civil Affairs force modernization efforts.

Smaller, more mobile detachments are capturing critical data points at an increased rate, he explained, generating a need for the ability to analyze and share outcomes.

AI was the perfect, low-cost solution, that goes beyond civil affairs, Fletcher said.

“With some really basic instruction and just ‘how to’ on how to use some of the tools, I think Soldiers everywhere throughout the Army would be really surprised by how powerful their knowledge of their job, paired with very little technical expertise and what it’s able to produce, and the power and impact that they’re able to have on the force,” he said.

For Joyce and Williams that impact is the introduction of no-cost software solutions being created by the Soldiers who can easily identify the problems the solutions can solve.

“Innovation at the speed of war is what is going to win battles in the future and war in the future. And traditionally in the military, we had to rely on our defense industrial base, which are great partners to have, but we relied on them for absolutely everything software related at scale. We now necessarily don’t have to rely on them to solve small problems, and we could allocate our budget, time and effort to more complicated problems that they’re suited to solve,” Joyce explained.

AI is the future of warfare, according to Williams, making CGSC the ideal place for electives like this one to emerge, reform, and eventually be pushed across the force.

CGSC is a generating force, Joyce explained, educating the largest population of the Army’s field-grade officers.

“If we can train the field-grade officer to be a Soldier developer, we are the generating force for the Army of that capability, which goes out to the operational force, implements it, trains their subordinates and then creates the flywheel,” he said. “It’s reciprocal because now these captains that come here to CGSOC, they are further along in the pipeline of using AI technology than the existing cohorts are.”

The prediction of each future academic year’s students having more AI-related knowledge and skills has already encouraged curriculum adaptations.

Williams explained some of the initial lessons of the AI Basics Course will be integrated into the first Common Core lessons of the academic year, exposing students to AI even sooner in PME than before.

In addition, the future of the AI elective will expand to the students’ needs, he said, with the potential of evolving into a more advanced elective.

The number of CGSOC students leaving with AI proficiency and potentially agents to solve some of the Army’s most persistent problems will nearly triple next year, Joyce explained.

Students and instructors described their excitement to watch the lessons learned and agents applied at divisions and corps across the force.

“There’s this idea that the Army has over a million people in it, and if we put this capability in the hands of a million Soldiers, the Army can become the world’s largest software developer overnight. And that’s powerful to think about. The Army didn’t start with that role, but we have that capability now to generate that,” Joyce said.”

By Sarah Hauck, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Public Affairs Office

New Marine Corps Uniform App

Sunday, July 19th, 2026

MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO, Va.

U.S. Marine Corps Education Command has launched the official Marine Corps Uniform App, a free mobile application that provides Marines with convenient, on-the-go access to uniform and grooming guidance, June 29, 2026.

The app announced in MARADMIN 299/26, is developed as a companion to Marine Corps Order 1020.34,Marine Corps Uniform Regulations, providing a streamlined reference for Marines to quickly locate commonly used uniform and grooming guidance while away from the official publication.

The application organizes uniform regulations by officer and enlisted personnel, as well as by sex. It also includes basic grooming standards, allowing Marines to quickly reference appearance requirements while traveling or preparing for official duties.

“The Marine Corps Uniform App gives Marines immediate access to the guidance they use most often. It is designed to make existing standards more accessible while reinforcing the professionalism and attention to detail that define our Corps.”

Brig Gen Matthew W. Tracy, commanding general, Education Command

The application is intended to supplement, not replace, MCO 1020.34. While it answers many of the most common questions regarding uniforms and grooming, Marines should continue to consult the order for comprehensive policy and detailed guidance.

By placing essential information in a mobile format, the Marine Corps is improving access to resources that help Marines maintain the highest standards of military appearance and discipline, regardless of location.

The Marine Corps Uniform App is available free of charge through the Apple App Store. An Android version is expected to be released during Department of War Fiscal Year 2027.

Users are encouraged to submit feedback through the Marine Corps Uniform Board organizational mailbox identified within the MARADMIN.

By Maj Hector Infante | Marine Corps Training and Education Command

TECOM Establishes Marine Corps Robotics Integration Group and Counter Drone Team

Friday, July 10th, 2026

MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO, Va.— The Marine Corps has established theMarine Corps Robotics Integration Groupas its service-level organization responsible for integrating, standardizing, and institutionalizing training for Group 1 and Group 2 small unmanned aircraft systems and counter-small unmanned aircraft systems across the Total Force, as announced inMARADMIN 307/26.

Assigned under Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Command, Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, California, MCRIG serves as the Marine Corps’ focal point for unmanned systems training integration, curriculum development, and education. The organization ensures emerging drone capabilities are transformed into standardized programs of instruction, instructor certifications, and enduring training products that can be delivered consistently throughout the Marine Corps.

“The battlefield continues to demonstrate that small unmanned aircraft systems are no longer niche capabilities; they are indispensable tools for reconnaissance, precision strike, force protection and survivability,” said Maj. Gen. Mark H. Clingan, commanding general, MAGTFTC, MCAGCC. “The Marine Corps Robotics Integration Group provides the institutional framework necessary to rapidly integrate validated capabilities into standardized training, ensuring Marines across the Total Force are prepared to employ and defeat these systems in future conflicts.”

The establishment of MCRIG reflects the Marine Corps’ continued effort to adapt to the rapidly evolving character of warfare, where inexpensive, commercially available unmanned aircraft have fundamentally changed how modern militaries detect, target, maneuver, and fight. MCRIG also establishes a deliberate process for transitioning emerging capabilities into formal Marine Corps training.

As the service-level integrator, MCRIG receives validated capability packages, including tactics, techniques and procedures, pilot courses and training requirements, from specialized organizations responsible for experimentation and operational assessment. Once validated, MCRIG develops curriculum, training support packages, and certification standards before distributing them through designated regional hubs that execute standardized instruction across the Fleet Marine Force.

Central to this process are two complementary organizations: the Marine Corps Attack Drone Team and the newly established Marine Corps Counter Drone Team.

“The Marine Corps Attack Drone Team and the Marine Corps Counter Drone Team are designed to move at the speed of technology. Through the analysis of exercises, operations, and purposely designed events we gain critical information about how systems should be employed or defeated,” said Col. Charles Anklam III, commanding officer, Weapons Training Battalion. “Our responsibility is to rigorously test ideas, validate capabilities, and rapidly transition those findings to MCRIG, where they become standardized training that benefits every Marine. This partnership allows us to remain agile to the constantly changing threat, innovate quickly, and provide the fleet with consistently reliable, credible, and operationally relevant information to increase lethality and survivability.”

The Marine Corps established MCCDT to accelerate counter-drone training development in the same way MCADT has supported and advanced attack drone capability development, experimentation, research, testing, and evaluation. Together, the two organizations provide Training Command a focused capability to study both sides of the unmanned systems fight: employment and defeat.

As an organic element of Weapons Training Battalion at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, MCCDT serves as Training Command’s dedicated counter-drone training development cell. Not designed to deploy as an operational force provider, MCCDT’s role is to identify the threat, test emerging solutions, validate practical tactics, and transition those findings to MCRIG for service-wide implementation.

MCCDT integrates lessons from MCWL, MAGTFTC, MCRIG, government partners, industry, and the Fleet Marine Force to ensure counter-drone tactics and training remain operationally relevant. This approach allows the Marine Corps to rapidly assess emerging threats, evaluate available technologies, and convert battlefield lessons into practical training requirements.

Using established Marine Corps guidance and approved training standards as its baseline, MCCDT conducts operational assessments and force-on-force evaluations to refine C-sUAS best practices. Once validated, those recommendations are provided to MCRIG for incorporation into institutional doctrine, curriculum, instructor certifications, and standardized training products.

This relationship creates a disciplined innovation pathway. MCADT and MCCDT move quickly to support the experimentation, assessment, and validation of tactics against emerging unmanned systems challenges, while MCRIG ensures those lessons become consistent, repeatable, and enduring training across the Marine Corps.

Together, these organizations create a continuous cycle of innovation and institutional learning, rapidly identifying and validating lessons through operational assessment, and incorporating them into formal Marine Corps training.

Designated TECOM regional hubs will execute MCRIG-approved courses throughout the Marine Corps, providing geographically distributed training while also returning operational observations and lessons learned to support continuous improvement of curriculum and tactics. The integrated training enterprise provides the Marine Corps with a sustainable framework capable of rapidly adapting as unmanned technologies evolve, ensuring Marines receive standardized, current, and operationally relevant instruction regardless of where they train.

The Marine Corps is also seeking motivated, technically proficient, and innovative Marines to help build this emerging capability. Marines interested in serving in select C-sUAS billets within MCRIG are encouraged to review MARADMIN 307/26 for eligibility requirements and application procedures.

The establishment of MCRIG and MCCDT represents another significant milestone in the Marine Corps’ broader modernization efforts, ensuring Marines remain prepared to employ and counter rapidly evolving unmanned systems while preserving the agility, lethality, and survivability required on tomorrow’s battlefield.

Story by Maj Hector Infante 

U.S. Marine Corps Training and Education Command

USMC Announces 0315 Scout MOS

Wednesday, July 1st, 2026

WASHINGTON, DC —

MARADMIN 296/26 announced the creation of a new primary military occupational specialty (PMOS), 0315 Scout, to provide infantry battalions and light armored reconnaissance battalions with a dedicated, all-weather reconnaissance and surveillance capability. This change, effective 1 October 2026, is part of the Marine Corps’ broader Force Design modernization efforts to create a more agile and lethal force prepared for future operating environments.

U.S. Marines with 3d Littoral Combat Team Scout Platoon, 3d Marine Littoral Regiment, 3d Marine Division, add vegetation to their ghillie suits for company attacks during exercise Bougainville III at Pohakuloa Training Area, Feb. 10, 2024. Bougainville III is a 3d LCT live-fire exercise focused on decentralized operations to prepare the battalion to command and control forces from dispersed locations. Scout platoons provide precision marksmanship and increased reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities to infantry companies and battalions. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Grace Gerlach)

The new 0315 Scouts will populate a 26-Marine Scout Platoon within each infantry battalion and the Scout Teams within the light armored reconnaissance battalion. This purpose-built force is optimized for ground-based reconnaissance, surveillance, and battlespace shaping, providing battalion commanders with a dedicated, multidomain sensing platoon. The creation of this specialized MOS was driven by extensive live-force experimentation, which highlighted the need for a dedicated formation at the battalion level to collect timely and accurate information on the enemy and the operating environment.

“The establishment of the 0315 Scout MOS is a critical step in the modernization of our infantry battalions,” said Lt. Gen. Jay M. Bargeron, Deputy Commandant for Plans, Policies, and Operations. “This professional, purpose-built force will provide commanders with the organic reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities essential for success on the future battlefield. These Scouts will be our eyes and ears, extending our sensing capabilities and enabling commanders to make faster, more effective decisions to win our nation’s battles.”

Scout Platoons are equipped with advanced optics, communications suites, sensors, and unmanned systems to extend their observation range and persist in the battlespace. Each team within the platoon includes a Joint Fires Observer (JFO) trained to coordinate and control surface-to-surface and air-delivered fires, enabling the platoon to shape the battlefield and enhance the battalion’s lethality and resilience.

The training for 0315 Scouts is rigorous, building upon foundational infantry skills with a specialized course in ground reconnaissance, surveillance, and communications. This dedicated career path ensures the Marine Corps can deliberately manage, develop, and retain talent, creating a community of experts with the advanced skills required for complex scouting missions.

US Army Establishes Space Operations Branch to Enable Multidomain Dominance

Friday, June 26th, 2026

WASHINGTON — Today, the U.S. Army announced it established its newest branch, the Space Operations Branch, marking an historic milestone in the service’s continuous transformation to meet the challenges of modern, multidomain warfare.

The Space Operations Branch consolidates and formalizes the career paths of the Army’s space professionals. The new branch brings together Army Space Operations Officers, currently designated as Functional Area 40, and enlisted Tactical Space Operations Specialists, designated under the recently established Military Occupational Specialty 40D.

“Land power requires warfighting expertise in all domains. What makes me proud is that our Army is not just building a capability, we’re growing professionals at every echelon,” said Gen. Christopher LaNeve, U.S. Army Vice Chief of Staff. “That’s what the 40D MOS is about—Soldiers delivering the foundational excellence our Joint Force depends on.”

Space Operations Branch serves as a critical component in the utilization of space capabilities and supports the ongoing transformation of Army force structure for multidomain operations.

Combat credibility demands resilient space systems and dedicated counterspace capabilities to protect U.S. assets and deny adversaries the ability to target joint forces from outside the Earth’s atmosphere. Army space professionals ensure our forces maintain the initiative and operate from positions of relative advantage across all domains.

The new Space Branch provides highly trained, ready and deployable Soldiers and formations, equipped to deliver specialized capabilities to enable successful Army and joint force operations while effectively denying, disrupting and degrading adversary operations within the space domain.

“The Army is the largest user of space capabilities in the joint force, and space integration is absolutely critical to multidomain operations at every echelon,” said Lt. Gen. John Rafferty, commanding general, U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command. “Establishing the Space Operations Branch is an important step in the Army’s continuous transformation. It provides the Army with the professional structure to deliver space-based effects directly to our Soldiers and units at the tactical edge enabling commanders to fight and win in a contested, multidomain environment.”

Establishing the new branch also relieves operational pressure, primarily on the ADA, Signal, and MI branches, which previously provided enlisted personnel to execute space missions on temporary tours. The transition allows these branches to decrease non-mission-essential billets and redistribute Soldiers to critical vacancies, optimizing readiness across the wider Army.

The Army currently integrates hundreds of thousands of space-enabled systems to enhance maneuver and enable multidomain operations. This structural transformation ensures the service keeps pace with the growing space operations force structure required across the joint force, particularly within its modern multidomain task forces and theater strike effects groups. The Space Operations Branch will produce well-rounded experts to deliver close space support and space interdiction capabilities that maneuver commanders depend on to gain and maintain the initiative.

The transition to the new branch will leverage existing training pipelines. Officer and enlisted training will continue to be conducted at the Space and Missile Defense School, part of Army Space and Missile Defense Command’s Center of Excellence in Colorado Springs, Colo. Eligible Soldiers in grades E-3 through E-9 have the opportunity to request reclassification to MOS 40D through a central selection board process, with the transfer window officially opening in October 2026. Officers may continue to request acceptance to become FA40s, including Assured Functional Area Transfer, after serving in their basic branch.

US Army Public Affairs

US Army Revises Wear of Chaplain Corps Identification on the ACU and ECWCS

Thursday, June 25th, 2026

Today the US Army issued guidance for Chaplain Corps uniforms emphasizing their role as religious leaders and pastoral care providers across the force.

“A chaplain is first and foremost a chaplain, and an officer second. This change is a visual representation of that fact.”

– Secretary of War Pete Hegseth

Within 90 days, Chaplains will remove chaplain rank insignia on the Army combat uniform (ACU) and place the branch insignia to a position of prominence at the collar.

According to the guidance this emphasizes a chaplain’s primary role as a pastoral care provider and enhances approachability, ensuring all Soldiers feel comfortable accessing religious support.

The branch insignia is worn centered on both collars of the ACU coat, with the centerline of the insignia bisecting the points of the collar. Subdued pin-on or sew-on branch insignia may be worn. Sew-on insignia width will not exceed one inch. Chaplains will not wear rank on the ACU. Chaplains must remove the hook-and-loop fastener from the center of the chest and will not wear a blank hook-and-loop fastener. The guidance also includes instructions for the Extended Cold Weather Clothing System.

The approved designs consist of the Latin cross, the Jewish tablets (with the Star of David superimposed), the Muslim crescent moon, the Buddhist wheel of righteousness, and the Hindu Om.