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WWII Veterans Return to Pacific Battlefields for 80th Anniversary and Historic U.S.-Japan “Reunion of Honor” Ceremony

Sunday, March 23rd, 2025

NASHVILLE, Tenn., March 21, 2025 — In commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Iwo Jima, the Eagle Society is honored to support the Iwo Jima Association of America in escorting seven World War II veterans back to the Pacific battlefields. The veterans will travel to Iwo To (formerly Iwo Jima), where they will participate in the Reunion of Honor Ceremony, and continue to Okinawa, Japan, to commemorate with Walter LaSota, a Battle of Okinawa veteran.

WWII Veterans and U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth to attend Iwo Jima 80th anniversary Reunion of Honor ceremony

Next week’s ceremony brings together former enemies who are now the strongest of allies. More than 18,500 Japanese and 6,800 American lives were lost in the Battle of Iwo Jima, with the ceremony a solemn reminder of the enormous sacrifices. Okinawa, the final and bloodiest battle of the war, saw more than 12,000 American and 100,000 Japanese and Okinawan lives lost. For many veterans, returning to these sites offers a powerful opportunity for reflection, healing, and closure.

World War II veterans making this journey include CSM Delmar D. Beard (US Army) from Glendale, AZ; Joe Caminiti (USMC) from Bristol, CT; Capt. Ed Cavallini (USMC) from Seaside, CA; Charles Cram (US Navy) from San Diego, CA; Nils Mockler (USMC) from Putnam Valley, NY; Frank Wright (USMC) from Lodi, CA; Lt. j.g. Patrick Zilliacus (USNR) from Playa Del Rey, CA; and Walter LaSota (USMC – Okinawa Veteran) from Reading, PA.

The trip begins by visiting the Battle of Guam site where U.S. forces liberated the island in 1944. Travel continues to Iwo To for the 80th anniversary commemoration and Reunion of Honor Ceremony, attended by U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth. Their journey concludes in Okinawa, visiting the USMC base.

Eagle Society’s founder, Michael Davidson, is known for honoring and supporting veterans. He organizes trips to educate today’s leaders on American history, heroes, and heritage. Davidson has taken veterans to Normandy for the 80th anniversary of D-Day, but this is the first journey of this scale in the Pacific. Given the advanced age of many veterans, he explains the trip’s importance:

“We’re losing our WWII veterans daily, and with them, I fear we’re also losing the hard-earned lessons they fought valiantly to teach us. Our Pacific War veterans, in particular, remind us that duty, honor, and country are not just words – they’re a call to action, especially amid rising geopolitical conflict and clashing worldviews. This journey offers a profound opportunity to reflect, honor their sacrifices, and recommit to being better citizens. The Eagle Society is dedicated to preserving these heroes’ stories, so future generations not only remember but apply their lessons to today’s challenges.”

About Eagle Society:

Eagle Society is a 501(c)(3) impact accelerator that leverages networks and transformative leadership experiences inspired by America’s founding vision to foster a renewed commitment to civic life.

The Army at 250: Did you Know the Army Invented This?

Wednesday, March 12th, 2025

You might be surprised by the number of things you use or rely on in work and play can be traced back to Army ingenuity or investment.

Check out this list to discover some of the many things created for or by the Army.

Food preservation – The Army is renowned for food preparation research. The U.S. Army Natick Soldier Systems Center in Massachusetts specializes in, among other things, sustaining the military’s food.

Anastacia Marx de Salcedo, author of “Combat-Ready Kitchen: How the U.S. Military Shapes the Way We Eat,” says much of the processed food we eat today originated through experiments in an Army laboratory.

The Army’s Quartermaster Corps funded research at the USDA early in World War II to resolve a problem that had stymied Army food scientists – they couldn’t dehydrate cheese to feed soldiers.

USDA scientist George Sanders came up with the solution, and after the war his method of powdered cheese was used to flavor Cheetos.

The Army also expanded research into high-pressure processing, which de Salcedo says is the application of high pressure to eliminate bacteria in food. Once the food industry adopted the Army’s techniques, it began using them on foods that are produced for public consumption.

One popular product that relies on the pressure process is ready-to-eat guacamole.

In a 2015 interview with National Public Radio, de Salcedo said she realized “that everything in my kids’ lunchboxes had military origins or influence – the bread, the sandwich meat, juice pouches, cheesy crackers, Goldfish Crackers and energy bars,” she said. “In a large sense, l estimate that 50 percent of items in today’s markets were influenced by the military.”

Pringles – The USDA and the Army Quartermaster Corps worked to develop dehydrated potato flakes, which led directly to the production of Pringles potato crisps.

Super Glue – Cyanoacrylate adhesives were initially discovered during World War Il by a scientist at Eastman Kodak Company when the Army was urging American industry to make things to help win the war.

Dr. Harry Coover initially created the new compound in 1942, while striving to create a clear plastic gun sight for Soldiers.

Believing the substance was too sticky, Coover shelved the idea for a decade, but later revisited it while researching material to make jet canopies. This time he realized he had created a super glue, and he filed for a patent.

During the Vietnam War, medical teams caring for severely injured Soldiers realized the material, marketed as Super Glue, was helpful for sealing bloody wounds and to stop bleeding until the patient could be transported to a medical unit for more advanced treatment. Cooper said he took great pride in the fact that his glue saved the lives of many Soldiers injured in combat.

The computer – The Army funded research by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania into the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. This was the first electronic computer used for general purposes. The Army wanted to calculate artillery firing tables for its Ballistic Research Laboratory. Construction began in 1943. Six women, recruited in 1942 for their math skills, programmed ENIAC.

Electric Razors – A retired Army colonel invented the first electric razor that could be easily manufactured. Jacob Schick patented his invention in 1928.

Duct Tape – In 1943, an Illinois woman with two sons in the military during World War II first visualized how to make a waterproof cloth tape to seal boxes of ammunition.

Vesta Stoudt worked at the Green River Ordinance Plant near Amboy, Illinois. According to Margaret Gurowitz, the chief historian with Johnson & Johnson, workers at the plant saw that the paper tape used to seal boxes of rifle ammo was inferior and hampered how Soldiers in combat opened the boxes, often while under fire.

Stoudt told others how the tape could be improved but didn’t get help from her supervisors. So, she wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, explaining the problem and detailing her idea to solve it with a better tape. According to Johnson & Johnson company history, the president passed her letter on to the War Production Board.

The board approved of the change and asked a Johnson & Johnson operating company to make the product based on its experience in making tape.

The Jeep – The brainstorm for a quarter-ton, four-wheel drive truck designed as a cross-country tactical vehicle originated just before World War II for the infantry. The military considered numerous prototypes from America’s automakers, and during the war, Willys-Overland and Ford Motor Company produced 643,000 Jeeps for Allied forces.

Two-way portable radio – The Army asked Galvin Manufacturing Corporation, (now Motorola) to make a radio that would allow World War II Soldiers on the move to communicate with each other.

The EpiPen – The roots of a self-directed auto injector go back to 1973, when the Army asked a researcher to create an easy-to-use device to treat chemical warfare exposure for troops in the field. Soon after, experts in the medical industry realized that the auto injector device filled with epinephrine could be carried by civilians who suffer severe allergic reactions.

By Jonathan Austin , Army News Service

10th Mountain Soldiers Learn Their History, Join the Legacy

Thursday, March 6th, 2025

VAIL, Colorado — With the fierce and ever-consistent snowfall, the 10th Mountain Division (LI) Soldiers enter the Camp Hale and Vail communities ready to begin the Legacy Days events, with 2025 marking the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Riva Ridge, a turning point in World War II.

Legacy Days is a combination of events that honor the resiliency and commitment of the 10th Mountain Division (LI) Soldiers who trained at Camp Hale before setting off to fight for their country in the Battle of Riva Ridge in Italy, February 1945.

Camp Hale was built in 1942 at 9,224 feet, making it the highest-altitude permanent military post in World War II. The altitude made training especially difficult, and elevations reached as high as 13,100 feet.

The 10th Mountain Division (LI) was activated and placed at Camp Hale to train in high altitude mountaineering and alpine combat for the sole reason of defeating the Germans that were entrenched high up on ridges, preventing allied forces from advancing into Europe.

Today’s 10th Mountain Division (LI) Soldiers carry on the legacy and respect the history of their predecessors through Legacy Days in Vail, Colorado.

The Soldiers accepted the privilege of participating in Legacy Days and learning more about their division’s heritage with eagerness.

“Just being in the same area that our predecessors, the first 10th Mountain Soldiers, not only trained at but also proved that this is an achievable task that we can overcome and apply in warfighting,” Staff Sgt. George Matthews, weapon squad leader with Charlie Company, 2nd Battalion, 14th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Brigade stated. “It’s very exciting for us.”

Upon entering Vail, the community, and more specifically the 10th Mountain Division descendants and veterans, welcomed the Soldiers and immediately began sharing stories of the past. The connection and sense of pride that ran through the community resonated with the Soldiers and made them that much more eager to begin the Hale to Vail Traverse, the first event.

Only a few days before the event began, a snowstorm passed through the area adding nearly 50 inches of fresh powder.

Originally, the Hale to Vail Traverse is a 26-mile cross-country ski trek that starts in Camp Hale, Colorado, and ends at Vail. However, to mitigate the risk of avalanches happening enroute, a different route was selected making it nine miles long with a 2,000-feet increase in elevation.

The Hale to Vail Traverse was no less of a challenge despite the route being changed since the Soldiers had to break trail and carve out their own path in the snow.

The event was more than just a test of endurance, it strengthened unit cohesion while honing the specialized tactics, techniques, and skills their forefathers required to operate in extreme mountain conditions.

This nine-mile cross-country ski trek paid tribute to the division’s World War II legacy, when Soldiers trained in the rugged Rockies to prepare for alpine warfare.

The Soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division (LI) used this event to enhance their skills and techniques while also gaining practical experience in skiing. This preparation ensured that they were well-equipped, just as their predecessors had been, to face any challenges in mountain warfare.

“It’s super cool to be out here teaching the next generation of Soldiers how to ski, not a lot of people have had the opportunity to gain the experience or skill set,” Spc. Rylan Parsons, a Soldier with Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion, 10th Mountain Division (LI) stated. “Skiing is both personally and tactically relevant.”

The following day, the Ski Cooper Serpentine Ski Parade took place where the Soldiers, descendants, veterans, National Ski Patrol and the community could participate.

The Serpentine Ski Parade included the participants weaving down the slopes with Maj. Gen. Scott Naumann, commanding general of the 10th Mountain Division (LI), Command Sgt. Maj. Brett Johnson, senior enlisted advisor of 10th Mountain Division (LI) and flag bearers leading the way.

This event was a part of Legacy Days, and celebrated the storied history of the division, which was formed during World War II from elite skiers, climbers, and alpinists to fight in precipitous, mountainous terrain.

The Serpentine Ski Parade was a celebration of history, whereas the next event was an acknowledgment and note of the intense and grueling training the predecessors of the 10th Mountain Division (LI) not only endured, but triumphed in.

The Ski Trooper Cup was a rigorous competition that tested physical fitness, alpine skills and equipment knowledge. It featured teams of three competing in a series of tasks while racing against the clock and other teams. This event combined elements of strength, endurance, and military-specific challenges, all set in winter warfare and alpine environments. Teams were assessed on a variety of skills, including push-ups, slope climbing, rappelling, skiing through gates, performing pull-ups and glacading.

The 10th Mountain Division (LI) Soldiers who fought in the Battle of Riva Ridge trained fiercely to ensure their victory, this event was a testament to the difficulties and commitment of those Soldiers.

“It encompassed skinning up a section of the mountain, repelling down, boot packing up and then glacading down to the finish,” Capt. Lauren Takayesu, a physical therapist with 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (LI) H2F stated. “Then of course it’s the Army, so we had to do push-ups and pull-ups in between, it was incredible.”

Legacy Days is a way of honoring the history and legacy of the 10th Mountain Division predecessors and Soldiers alike, but it’s also a way to keep that connection with their origins, descendants and the community.

“If there was no 10th Mountain Division, there would be no Vail. That’s because about 20 miles behind me is a place called Camp Hale, Colorado, and during WWII, it was at Camp Hale where skiers, climbers and outdoorsmen came to become mountain Soldiers,” stated Naumann.

The 10th Mountain Division lost 1,000 Soldiers in service and had more than 4,000 wounded, however, thanks to their sacrifices the division was able to secure victory in the Battle of Riva Ridge and pave the way to victory during WWII.

“The mountain Soldiers climbed a place that was thought to be unclimbable, and they broke through the defensive line that was thought to be unbreakable, a place held by the Germans and they kept fighting, always forward until the end of the war,” stated Naumann.

By PFC Abigail Stewart, 27th Public Affairs Detachment

A Brief History of M81 Woodland Camouflage

Saturday, February 15th, 2025

aka “God’s Plaid”

During the American Civil War (1861-1865), soldiers started wearing shades of green and brown that would allow them to better blend in with their environment, but World War 1 marked the true beginning of a systematic military camouflage. The French Army created the first dedicated camouflage unit in 1915, called the Section de Camouflage. This unit, comprised largely of artists and designers, developed some of the earliest woodland patterns. The term “camouflage” itself entered the English language during this period, borrowed from the French word camoufler, meaning “to disguise.”

World War II saw an explosion in camouflage development. The U.S. Marine Corps introduced the famous “Frogskin” pattern in 1942, featuring green and brown irregular spots on a light background. The German Wehrmacht developed several innovative patterns, including the Splittertarnmuster (splinter pattern) and its various iterations, which influenced camouflage design for decades to come.

During this period, the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) conducted some of the first scientific studies of camouflage effectiveness, leading to the development of the Denison smock pattern used by paratroopers.

Cold War Era and the Birth of M81 Woodland Pattern

The post-war period saw the emergence of what would become one of the most influential and widely-used woodland patterns: the U.S. Military’s M81 Woodland pattern. Introduced in 1981, this pattern combined black, brown, green, and khaki in a distinctive arrangement that proved highly effective in temperate forests. The camouflage mimics the natural interplay of light and shadow found in wooded areas and stands as one of the most iconic and enduring military camouflage patterns ever created. Effective woodland camouflage relies on three key principles: color matching, pattern disruption, and shadow elimination. Colors must accurately reflect the operating environment, while patterns break up the wearer’s outline. The design must also minimize the sharp shadows that human forms typically cast, helping personnel blend seamlessly into forest environments.

What made M81 Woodland particularly remarkable was its versatility and effectiveness across a wide range of environments. The pattern proved surprisingly effective not just in forests, but also in jungle environments and even semi-arid regions with sufficient vegetation. It became the standard issue pattern for all branches of the U.S. military throughout the 1980s and 1990s, seeing extensive use in operations from Grenada to Panama, and during the first Gulf War. It gained the nickname “God’s Plaid” from service members’ recognition of its exceptional effectiveness and reliability in the field.

The influence of M81 Woodland extended far beyond American forces. The pattern was so successful that it was widely copied and adapted by military forces worldwide, with numerous countries either directly adopting the pattern or creating close variants. Even after the U.S. military began transitioning to digital patterns in the 2000s, M81 Woodland remained in use with various units and continues to be used by some U.S. military and law enforcement units today. The pattern’s enduring legacy and effectiveness have made it a benchmark against which newer camouflage patterns are often measured, and its influence can still be seen in modern military and civilian camouflage designs.

Vickers Sling Limited-Edition in Woodland Camo

For a limited time, we’re offering our flagship sling – the Vickers Sling – in the classic Woodland Camo pattern. This limited-edition sling pays homage to the iconic pattern made popular over 40 years ago. Crafted with the same uncompromising quality and attention to detail that defines Blue Force Gear, this sling is built to perform under the toughest conditions.

This limited run celebrates both form and function, offering collectors and operators alike a piece of tactical heritage without compromising performance. Like the other limited runs we release, this sling won’t be available for long so act fast! Don’t miss your chance to own this unique combination of proven design and classic camouflage.

If you’re reading this article and missed the exclusive release, don’t fret! Sign up for our newsletter so you’re the first to know when we have limited edition items.

Presented by our friends at Blue Force Gear.

Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth Renames Fort Liberty to Fort Roland L. Bragg

Wednesday, February 12th, 2025

While flying aboard a C-17 from Joint Base Andrews to Stuttgart on February 10, 2025, Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth signed a memorandum renaming Fort Liberty in North Carolina to Fort Roland L. Bragg. The new name pays tribute to PFC Roland L. Bragg, a World War II hero who earned the Silver Star and Purple Heart for his exceptional courage during the Battle of the Bulge. This change underscores the installation’s legacy of recognizing those who have demonstrated extraordinary service and sacrifice for the nation.

By John Ullyot, DOD Press Secretary

One More Time…It’s Pogue

Sunday, January 12th, 2025

Can we just cut it with the “POG” usage? The backronym “POG” was created by infantrymen who were Pogues, but didn’t want to be called Pogues anymore. You know it’s true, there are loads of Infantrymen who are Pogues.

This photo was taken during the Vietnam war and it clearly uses the term “Pogue” which dates back to World War I and possibly as far back as the Civil War.

Oddly enough, this “POG” nonsense seems to have started with the Marines during the GWOT which explains quite a bit since they were handing out ASVAB waivers like candy. If “POG” actually stood for “Persons Other Than Grunts” then where is the “T”? Wouldn’t it be “POTG”?

And another thing, who the hell wants to brag about being the “Queen of battle?” I realize it’s a chess reference but nobody plays chess anymore. They do however, know what a drag show is.

Either way my grunt friends, have fun cleaning the barracks while the REMFs do their day-to-day jobs.

The Lowe Alpine Systems Vector 1 Pack

Saturday, January 11th, 2025

Chuck Taylor wrote a lot of great stories for gin magazines in the 70s and 80s. One of my favorites was published in SWAT magazine in 1984 regarding the Lowe Alpine Systems Vector 1 pack which combined a large main pack with an internal frame and a combination waist belt / rappelling harness which could be separated quickly from the pack to create a relatively lightweight pack solution.

The Lowe brothers, Greg and Mike, were members of Reserve Special Forces and used their experience to build packs.

The LOCO, Vector 1, and LCS-84 were all procured by SOF units via local purchase and the LCS-84 design ultimately became the Field Pack, Large Internal Frame of the Individual Integrated Fighting System issued in the early 90s.

This link shows the full catalog from the mid-80s.

Scans by Andy’s Gas Works on Instagram and are intended solely for historical preservation.

7 Soldiers from Korean, Vietnam Wars receive Medals of Honor

Tuesday, January 7th, 2025

WASHINGTON — At a White House ceremony on Friday, January 3, 2024, President Joe Biden presented Medals of Honor to seven Soldiers who served in either the Korean War or the Vietnam War.

Among the Soldiers honored were Pvt. Bruno R. Orig, Pfc. Wataru Nakamura, Cpl. Fred B. McGee, Pfc. Charles R. Johnson and Gen. Richard E. Cavazos. All served in the Korean War and received the medal posthumously. Family members accepted the decoration on their behalf.

From the Vietnam War, both Capt. Hugh R. Nelson Jr. and Spc. 4th Class Kenneth J. David were decorated. Nelson received the medal posthumously, while David, the only living recipient, accepted the medal in person.

“I’m deeply privileged to honor seven American heroes,” Biden said. “That’s not hyperbole. These are genuine, to their core, heroes. Heroes of different ranks, different positions, and even different generations. But heroes who all went above and beyond the call of duty. Heroes who all deserve our nation’s highest and oldest military recognition, the Medal of Honor.”

Pvt. Bruno R. Orig 

Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1930, Orig enlisted in the Army in 1950. On February 15, 1951, while serving with Company G, 23rd Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division in the vicinity of Chipyong-ni, Korea, Orig returned from a mission to find many of his fellow Soldiers wounded in an ongoing enemy attack.

Orig administered first aid to his fellow Soldiers and remained exposed to enemy fire. With the assistance of other Soldiers, Orig removed the wounded to a place of safety.

When Orig noticed that all but one of a machine-gun crew had been wounded, he volunteered to man the weapon. Orig was so effective on the machine gun that a withdrawing friendly platoon was able to move back without a single casualty.

Orig continued to inflict heavy casualties on the enemy until the company positions were overrun. Later, when the lost ground was recaptured, Orig was found dead beside his weapon, though the area in front of his gun was littered with enemy dead. He was 20 years old at the time.

“Bruno saw his fellow Soldiers were wounded and stranded under enemy fire,” Biden said. “Without hesitation, he ran out to rescue them, giving his own life to save the lives of his brothers in arms. That’s valor. That’s the definition of valor.

Pfc. Wataru Nakamura 

Nakamura was born in Los Angeles, California, in 1921.

“After an attack on Pearl Harbor, he was forced to live in an internment camp, like so many other Japanese Americans,” Biden said. “But still, he signed up to serve our nation during World War II and the Korean War. During his last mission in May of 1951, single handedly he defended his unit from enemy attack, fighting until he was killed by a grenade.”

While serving with Company I, 38th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division in the vicinity of P’ungch’on-ni, Korea on May 18, 1951, Nakamura volunteered to check and repair a communications line between his platoon and the command post. During that mission, he came under fire by an enemy force which had surrounded friendly positions and were threatening to break the company defense lines.

Without waiting for help, Nakamura rushed the enemy with his bayonet engaged. He singlehandedly attacked and destroyed a hostile machine-gun nest and drove the enemy from several of the bunkers they had captured. When his ammunition was depleted, he withdrew while under enemy fire.

Nakamura then met an ammunition party ascending the hill. After briefing the officer in charge, Nakamura rearmed himself and, covered by the fire of the officer and two fellow Soldiers, returned to the attack. He killed three of the enemy in one bunker and killed and seriously wounded another in the last enemy-held bunker. Continuing to press the attack, he fell mortally wounded by an enemy grenade. He was 29 years old at the time.

Cpl. Fred B. McGee 

McGee was born in Steubenville, Ohio, in 1930. He enlisted in the Army in 1951 and served in Korea from January to November 1952.

“[He was] a Midwesterner, a steel worker and a gunner in one of the first integrated army units of the Korean War,” Biden said. “Fred embodied the very best of our country. In June 1952, his unit was attacked. They took casualties. They were ordered to fall back. But Fred refused to leave until he helped every wounded Soldier evacuate.”

While serving near Tang-Wan-Ni, Korea on June 16, 1952, as a gunner on a light machine gun in a weapons squad, McGee delivered a heavy volume of supporting fire from an exposed position despite intense enemy machine-gun and mortar fire directly on his location.

Though forced to move his gun several times, McGee continued to support the assault and give covering fire to the assault elements of his platoon. When his squad leader was wounded, together with several other members of his squad, McGee assumed command and moved the squad even farther forward to a more exposed position in order to deliver fire on an enemy machine gun. When his own machine gunner was mortally wounded, McGee again took over the gun. He directed his squad to withdraw and voluntarily remained behind to help evacuate the wounded and dead.

Though wounded in the face, McGee exposed himself to danger by standing straight up in enemy machine-gun and mortar fire while attempting to evacuate the body of the company runner. Forced to abandon the body, he aided a wounded man to be moved to the rear and safety through a huge volume of enemy mortar and artillery fire.

At the time of his combat action, McGee was 22 years old. After the Korean War, McGee worked in the steel industry for more than four decades. He died in 2020, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Pfc. Charles R. Johnson 

Johnson was born in Sharon, Connecticut, in 1932, and enlisted in the Army in 1952.

“Growing up, in the words of Charlie’s high school classmates, he was a heck of a football player,” Biden said. “Well back in 1952, Charlie signed up to serve in Korea, trading his jersey for a uniform. During one battle, he gave his life to defend a bunker full of his wounded Soldiers. His valor saved 10 men, including an old high school classmate.”

When Chinese forces attacked his unit at Outpost Harry in Korea, June 11-12, 1953, Johnson was serving as a rifleman with Company B, 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division. During the battle, an overwhelming number of Chinese troops assaulted the trenches and bunkers that were defended by Johnson and his squad.

Johnson was wounded from a direct artillery hit on his bunker and subsequently from a hand grenade thrown inside the bunker. Even though he was injured, he administered first aid to those more seriously injured than himself. Johnson dragged a wounded Soldier to the safety of a secure bunker while stopping intermittently to aid injured Soldiers and kill several enemy troops in hand-to-hand combat.

After departing the safety of the second bunker, he conducted a search for weapons and ammunition then returned to rearm everyone. After acknowledging the untenable situation, he and his fellow Soldiers found themselves in, Johnson exited the bunker and placed himself between the enemy and his injured comrades. He told them he’d hold off the enemy forces as best as he could. He was killed by enemy forces while fighting to defend his position and to protect his wounded comrades.

At the time of his combat action, Johnson was 19 years old.

Gen. Richard E. Cavazos 

Born in Kingsville, Texas, in 1929, Cavazos earned his commission in 1951, after having served in the Reserve Officer Training Corps at Texas Tech University.

“Richard led his men through a difficult and deadly mission in enemy territory,” Biden said. “Eventually, he was ordered to retreat, but he stayed. He stayed rescuing wounded Soldiers one by one, until every one of them was evacuated. Richard went on to serve for three decades in the army, becoming … the country’s first Hispanic four star general.”

At the time of the combat action which earned him the Medal of Honor, Cavazos was a first lieutenant serving as the company commander of Company E, 2nd Battalion, 65th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division in the vicinity of Sagimak, Korea.

On the night of June 14, 1953, Cavazos led his company in a raid on an entrenched enemy outpost with the mission of destroying the personnel and installation there. During the initial attack, he led his men through enemy mortar and artillery fire. Upon entering the trenches, close combat ensued during which Cavazos directed heavy fire on the enemy and their positions.

When an enemy mortar and artillery barrage hit his position, Cavazos withdrew the company and regrouped his men. Twice more he led his men through intense enemy fire in assaults on the enemy position, destroying vital enemy fortifications and personnel.

When ordered to withdraw his company, Cavazos complied but remained alone on the enemy outpost to search for missing men. Although exposed to enemy fire, he located five battle casualties and evacuated each, one by one, to a point on the reverse slope of a nearby hill where they could be safely recovered by friendly forces.

After, he returned to the battlefield where he found a small group of men who had become separated from the main assaulting force and personally led them to safety. When informed that there were still men missing, Cavazos again returned to the scene of the battle. There, he located and led another small group of men to safety. He then made two more unassisted trips to the battlefield searching for missing Soldiers.

It wasn’t until he was satisfied that the battlefield was cleared on the morning of June 15, that he allowed treatment of his own combat wounds.

Cavazos retired from the Army in 1984, after attaining the rank of general. At the time of his combat action, he was 24 years old. He died in 2017, in San Antonio, Texas.

Capt. Hugh R. Nelson, Jr. 

Born in 1937, in Charlotte, North Carolina, Nelson entered the Army in 1963.

“He was just 28 years old when he and his crew were shot down in Vietnam,” Biden said. “Hugh freed his men who were trapped in the wreckage. Then as the enemy began to attack, he used his body as a shield to protect them. It cost him dearly. It cost him his life. Hugh’s commanding officer called it the ultimate act of self-sacrifice, which it was.”

While serving with the 114th Aviation Company (Airmobile Light) on June 5, 1966 near Moc Hoa, Republic of Vietnam, Nelson was the acting aircraft commander of an armed UH-1 Iroquois helicopter on a search and destroy reconnaissance mission when it was struck by enemy fire that rendered the aircraft virtually uncontrollable.

The pilot and Nelson were able to crash land the aircraft without lateral controls. At some point after the crash, Nelson exited the aircraft and went to the aid of his wounded comrades.

Proceeding to the other side of the aircraft, Nelson found his dazed and wounded crew chief still trapped inside. After removing the specialist and placing him on the ground, he climbed into the severely damaged helicopter to assist the door gunner who was still strapped inside and unable to move.

While Nelson tried to free his comrade, the insurgents engaged the aircraft with automatic rifle and small arms fire. Despite the enemy fire and being hit, he was able to free the trapped door gunner. Upon removing the wounded door gunner from the aircraft, he forced the specialist to the ground and used his own body as a shield to cover his comrade from the enemy fire.

While shielding the door gunner, Nelson was hit several times by enemy fire and was killed in action while saving the life of his comrade. His sacrifice allowed the wounded door gunner to use a smoke grenade to signal for supporting aircraft. When those aircraft responded, they were able to prevent the insurgents from advancing on the downed aircraft. They also were able to rescue the three wounded crew members.

At the time of his combat action, Nelson was 28 years old.

Spc. 4th Class Kenneth J. David 

Born in 1950, David entered the Army in 1969.

On May 7, 1970, David was serving as a radio-telephone operator with Company D, 1st Battalion, 506th Infantry, 101st Airborne Division, near Fire Support Base Maureen, Thua Thien Province, Republic of Vietnam.

At that time, David’s company came under an intense attack from a large hostile force. The enemy’s initial assault mortally wounded the company’s platoon leader and resulted in numerous other casualties. Upon the initial assault, David handed his radio to his platoon sergeant and moved forward to the defensive perimeter, where he unleashed a barrage of automatic weapons fire on the enemy.

From this location, David resisted all enemy efforts to overrun his position. Realizing the impact of the enemy assault on the wounded who were being brought to the center ofthe perimeter, he moved to a position outside of the perimeter while continuing to engage the enemy.

Each time the enemy attempted to concentrate its fire on the wounded inside the perimeter, David would jump from his position and yell to draw the enemy fire away from his injured comrades and back to himself.

Refusing to withdraw in the face of the concentrated enemy fire now directed toward him, David continued to engage the enemy. Although wounded by an exploding satchel charge and running low on ammunition, he tossed hand grenades toward the attackers to counter their fire.

The unit’s medic, realizing that David had been injured, moved to his position to provide aid, but David assured him that he was okay and continued to fight on.

David’s actions continued to draw the enemy fire away from the incoming medevac helicopters, which allowed the wounded to be safely evacuated. After allied reinforcements fought their way to his company’s position, David carried a wounded comrade to a sheltered position. He then returned to the contact area and continued to engage the enemy and provide covering fire for the wounded until the enemy broke contact and fled, at which point he too was medically evacuated.

At the time of his combat actions, David was 20 years old.

“[Ken] couldn’t and wouldn’t give up,” Biden said. “Instead, he shouted and fired his weapon to attract attention to him, away from others and away from the wounded men. Imagine that courage. ‘Come get me. Come get me. Don’t get those folks.’ That’s selflessness. Ken, I want to say to you, and I wish I could say to every man we’re honoring today: you’re a hero, a genuine hero, a flat out, straight-up American hero. And we owe you. The families owe you.”

Since concluding his service in Vietnam, David has spent 39 years working for Disabled American Veterans in Ohio, where he now serves as the adjutant treasurer.

“[At] our chapter back here, we just spent $3,000 in food for homeless veterans and veterans in need for the Christmas holidays,” David said. “We get used scooters and wheelchairs …. donated to us, and we, in turn, give them out, no charge, [to] whoever needs them. We do what we have to do to help the veterans in our community … because we have to help our brothers.”

David said he frequently remembers the men he knew who didn’t come home alive from Vietnam, saying he thinks of them as friends. He said he keeps biographies of those men in a book in his truck.

“That’s my way of coping with my stress,” he said. “They were my friends, a lot of times I call them kids, because we were all kids at that time. But we knew the way they walked, we knew the way they talked, their heartbeat, and we would do anything for each other in any situation.”

David is already the recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross, which he received in 1971, for his service in Vietnam. But he said the Medal of Honor will help him be a better advocate for the needs of veterans like himself.

“With the cross I was able to use the award to help more veterans, because people listen to me,” he said. “Now that I’m receiving the Medal of Honor, I will have more power to help more veterans, in my opinion, because I think people will listen to me more because of the award.”

Serving veterans, he said, continues to be his duty.

“I will never forget my friends and my veterans in my county up here,” he said. “That’s my goal for the rest of my life now.”

As Biden closes out his term as commander in chief, he said it’s been the greatest honor of his life to lead the world’s greatest military.

“They’re the finest military in the history of the world,” he said. “Today we award these individuals a Medal of Honor. We can’t stop here. Together as a nation, it’s up to us to give this medal meaning, to keep fighting, to keep fighting for one another, for each other, to keep defending everything these heroes fought for and many of them died for: the ideals of America, the freedom we cherish, the democracy that has made our progress possible.”

The United States, Biden said, was built on an idea, rather than on geography, ethnicity or religion.

“We are the only nation based on an idea,” he said. “The idea is that we hold these truths to be self-evident, all men and women are created equal [and] deserve to be treated equally throughout their entire lives. We haven’t always lived up to it, but we’ve never, ever, ever walked away from it. Today we must say clearly, we never, ever, ever will.”

By C. Todd Lopez, DOD