ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. – The U.S. Army and the Republic of Estonia’s Ministry of Defence signed an agreement today that will enable the two countries to conduct future collaborative science and technology efforts in cyber defense.

The Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center – a component of Army Futures Command’s Combat Capabilities Development Command – and the Estonian Ministry of Defence will establish a multi-domain operations, cyber domain working group to identify opportunities for interoperability experimentation and demonstrations.

The working group will provide a forum to exchange information on the research of defensive cyber capabilities for multi-domain operations and improved coalition interoperability. Specific collaborative activities identified by the working group may be carried out under future agreements involving projects, equipment and material, and information exchanges.

“This historic agreement provides the opportunity for two nations with substantial defensive cyber capabilities to leverage their respective cyber experience to drive new research and development to reduce cyber threats across the spectrum of conflict,” said Director of the C5ISR Center Patrick J. O’Neill.

The effort – which falls under a 2016 U.S. Department of Defense Research, Development, Test and Evaluation memorandum of understanding – is the first of its kind between the U.S. Army and the Estonian Ministry of Defence. It supports a “Vision for Security Cooperation” document between the countries to develop capabilities that will deter and defend against malicious cyber intrusions and attacks.

“The Estonian Ministry of Defence is very pleased to establish formal cooperation with the U.S. Army’s C5ISR Center, adding another partner with increased knowledge and capabilities. Our countries are close NATO allies who share fundamental values. Our collaboration in the cyber domain will advance our common security,” said Director of the Estonian Ministry of Defence’s Cyber Policy Department Andri Rebane.

“We hope that the knowledge generated from this bilateral relationship will not only be useful for the U.S. and Estonia but also our other allies. With that, I am pleased to sign the terms of reference to begin this important work,” said Rebane.

Prior to the event, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Defense Exports and Cooperation Elizabeth Wilson noted her office played an integral role in bringing together key personnel from U.S. Army headquarters, the C5ISR Center and counterparts at the Estonian Embassy to reach this milestone event.

“Exchanging information and optimizing our research and development efforts to modernize our militaries will help deter great power competitors and regional state adversaries. The U.S. Army is proud to partner with our Estonian counterparts in this unique opportunity,” said Wilson.

The complementary research will explore tactical and strategic challenges to enable standardization, rationalization and interoperability while improving the mutual defenses of both countries, said Robert Kimball, the C5ISR Center’s senior research scientist for cyber security.

“Estonia is a cyber country of excellence with a robust cyber defensive system in terms of technology and people. Given their deep expertise, I believe they will have substantial lessons to share, which will be enormously helpful in finding efficiencies in our science and technology efforts while understanding how best to defend against cyber warfare,” said Kimball, who noted Estonia is home to the NATO Cyber Defense Center and Cyber Range.

The agreement is slated to last until Sept. 30, 2023, at which point it may be extended.

“I am honored to have signed this agreement with Mr. Rebane today,” said O’Neill. “This is more than just a document that governs science and technology efforts; it affirms our two countries’ mutual commitment to work side by side to proactively address global security challenges. The C5ISR Center looks forward to this collaborative effort as we continue to explore the realm of the possible for cyber security. I am extremely pleased that the efforts on both sides have come to fruition.”

By Edric Thompson, CCDC C5ISR Center Public Affairs

WASHINGTON — Every service member and platform will serve as a network sensor in future combat to expand what the Army undersecretary calls a “joint kill web” to support rapid decision making.

James E. McPherson and other Army leaders discussed Tuesday the role of “enabled joint overmatch” that describes how Soldiers will work alongside Airmen, Sailors and Marines to increase lethality across multiple domains.

“[The multi-domain force] has to be expeditionary and responsive at scale, bringing the right capabilities in the right place at the right time,” McPherson told a virtual audience during the Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association’s Army Signal Conference.

By enabling overmatch, the Army can quickly achieve lethality through all sensors, with the best shooter in the right command and control node, he added.

The undersecretary said the Army’s network, communication and cloud capabilities must provide quick delivery of data to augment the effort in preparation for the future battlefield that will be contested in all domains.

“What we build now must be survivable in that fight,” McPherson said. “It must be mobile, it must support, see on the move and … it must be tailorable.”

Protecting data will be critical, he added, as it will be the ammunition used for success on the battlefield. The Army’s information and intelligence assets will provide an advantage over adversaries, and therefore must be protected by migrating data to hybrid and multiple cloud ecosystems and bolstering the service’s network.

He noted that the Army’s other modernization priorities depend upon its network, which is one of the six priorities, to operate successfully.

Using simplified training that is accessible to each military branch will increase readiness and lethality, he added, while delivering mission-ready troops capable of fighting in the multi-domain environment.

Providing real-time access to every communications center, weapons system and control node will also allow greater control of the service’s data.

“Data, the ammunition of the future fight, is a strategic asset of the Army,” McPherson said. “Our data provides us a competitive advantage over adversaries. As with any strategic asset, we must manage and protect our data.”

Lt. Gen. Bruce Crawford, the Army’s chief information officer and G-6, said that he and Lt. Gen. Stephen Fogarty, head of Army Cyber Command, have partnered to posture the Army’s network to enable communications centers worldwide to gain a firmer grasp on data.

“It goes back to this idea that data is the ammunition in the future fight for any shooter or weapons platform, in any command and control node, in near real time, in order to create a joint kill chain,” Crawford said.

Real-time access will provide critical convergence that will help win below the level of armed conflict.

“That’s a monumental lift, and a monumental task,” Crawford said. “But that’s our goal.”

The Army will take its next steps in strengthening its networks and protecting its data to Fort Gordon, Georgia, where ARCYBER plans to move into its new headquarters this month. The move will better connect the three-star command with the U.S. Army Cyber Center of Excellence.

The transition presents challenges as each unit member moving to Fort Gordon must undergo two weeks of quarantine to meet COVID-19 safety precautions, said Ron Pontius, deputy to the ARCYBER commanding general.

As of June 1, the Army Network Enterprise Technology Command, or NETCOM, now has full operational control of the Army’s five regional cyber centers as well as responsibility of the Army’s network.

Army Cyber Command transferred the responsibilities to NETCOM for greater efficiency and to balance risks to the network, said Col. Scott Bird, NETCOM defensive cyber operations chief, in a press release earlier this month.

The Army also recently announced to reassign its chief information officer role into two positions: CIO and G-6 deputy chief of staff. The change will be implemented by Aug. 31 to meet the demands of advancing technology and artificial intelligence.

Operating under pandemic conditions has also forced the Army to adapt how it does business. Crawford estimated about 2% of the Army accessed the virtual space to telework from home. That number jumped to about 90% during the pandemic.

Crawford said up to 400,000 Soldiers and Army civilians have signed up for the Microsoft Teams workplace platform and that number continues to grow.

By Joseph Lacdan, Army News Service

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. — In the age of technology, the Army’s ability to dominate the electromagnetic spectrum can significantly influence the outcome of future conflicts on the battlefield.

The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command’s Army Research Laboratory designated several research programs as essential for future Soldier capabilities. Of these major flagship programs, the Foundational Research for Electronic Warfare in Multi-Domain Operations, or FREEDOM, Essential Research Program recognizes the value of electronic warfare competencies as a necessary requirement for success in large-scale combat and multi-domain operations.

During World War II, jamming missions conducted by Allied forces successfully disrupted German command and control systems and navigation capabilities. When adversaries used radio-controlled improvised explosive devices to attack ground forces in Afghanistan and Iraq, the U.S. Army defended its Soldiers with newly developed tools that jammed radio-activated triggers.

“The overall goal of the program is to drive a revolutionary change in the way that the Army uses electronic warfare from a single exquisite platform to a distributed, disaggregated and heterogeneous set of offensive and defensive capabilities,” said Dr. Matthew Higgins, FREEDOM program manager. “We are looking to demonstrate research prototypes that prevent the adversary’s ability to actively or passively find, classify and geo-locate U.S. forces.”

According to Higgins, Army researchers in the program examine a wide spectrum of complex issues, such as the need to optimize secure communication among allied forces and the development of techniques to evaluate the effectiveness of electronic attack techniques.

Researchers in the FREEDOM program also plan to unify electronic warfare with cyber technology, which typically remains separated in operations, research and system development.

The program aims to provide both basic and applied research to enable tactical dominance in an Army initiative called cyber electromagnetic activities, or CEMA. These efforts include the elimination of adversary threat capabilities, the surveillance of electromagnetic and cyberspace environments and the enhancement of mobility within the battlefield and cyberspace.

“Adversaries are contesting all domains, the electromagnetic spectrum, and the information environment,” Higgins said. “Future challenges require integrating electronic warfare and cyber technologies and activities as well as a shift for electronic warfare to a more surgical offensive posture against more advanced adversarial systems.”

In general, the FREEDOM Essential Research Program focuses on three core research areas:

·      Adaptive/Cognitive: Developing the ability to effectively outpace adversary decision and technical options

·      Distributed/Coordinated: Achieving spatially and temporally diverse responsiveness to dense and complex threat environments

·      Preemptive/Proactive: Preventing or disrupting the adversary’s ability to find, fix, track, target and engage our forces

“In the long term, we are looking at multi-function RF capabilities from distributed platforms with research focused on adaptive filters, wide-band amplifiers and adaptive manufacturing-enabled antenna technology,” Higgins said. “The Soldier will have freedom to maneuver on the battlefield and to dynamically access the congested and contested electromagnetic spectrum.”

In order to achieve this goal, researchers leveraged the work from various collaborative research alliances, such as the Cyber CRA, the Internet of Battlefield Things CRA and the Distributed and Collaborative Intelligent Systems and Technology CRA.

The team also established partnerships with other government organizations, such as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Air Force Research Laboratory, as well as with several universities, including the University of Notre Dame, Northeastern University and the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Higgins explained that all these efforts serve to provide Soldiers with technologies that push the Army closer toward electromagnetic spectrum dominance. This research will ultimately help protect Soldiers from electronic warfare attacks by adversaries and create windows of opportunity for multi-domain operations.

“Electronic warfare is increasingly vital to Army preparations to defeat any potential threat,” Higgins said. “The Army’s focus on large-scale combat operations highlights the need for a robust ground electronic warfare force to support multi-domain operations and enable the Army to fight and win in a complex world.”

Higgins speaks about his research in the CCDC Army Research Laboratory’s What We Learned Today podcast, published July 9, 2020.

By U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs