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Archive for January, 2022

SCUBAPRO SUNDAY – Snorkels

Sunday, January 2nd, 2022

As far back as 3000 B.C.E (5000 years), people were going after natural sponges off the coast of Crete and breathing through the world’s first snorkel tube that they made from hollow reeds. Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, recalled instances of divers breathing through a device similar to the trunk of an elephant.

In later years, the Assyrians developed an alternative snorkel device. They filled animal skins with air to breathe from under water. Aristotle wrote about divers who used a tube that led from the surface to the divers below. The consummate Renaissance Man, Leonardo Da Vinci, had many designs that he called diving or underwater apparatuses. He designed a self-contained dive suit and even sketched diving gloves with webbed fingers. Technically, they could be considered the first fins.

The development of the diving bell, which contained air bubbles for divers to inhale while underwater, was overseen by Alexander the Great.

• 900 B.C.E- Assyrian divers used animal skins filled with air to lengthen the time they could spend below the water’s surface.

• 333 B.C.E Alexander the Great encourages divers to develop and use the first diving bell — a large bell-shaped object that trapped air in the top of the bell (and a person) to submerge and maintain the ability to breathe.

• 1538- Greeks in Spain (Toledo) submerge themselves in a large diving bell-like gadget to the bottom of the Tagus River, only to emerge later with dry clothes and a still-burning candle.

The same concept allows modern-day snorkelers to breathe air from the surface with their face submerged. Modern rubber and plastics make equipment durable and comfortable while offering maximum safety. Snorkels have significantly improved their function and use with the advances in rubber and plastic composite materials. The most popular snorkel is the J-shaped plastic tubes connected to the diver’s mask by a flexible strap or clip assembly.

Snorkels for diving

The snorkel makes it possible to breathe safely on the surface without using the air in your tanks. When choosing a snorkel, think first about what you want to use it for and how it will most. The diameter is critical because it minimizes your effort while using it. Most snorkels are brightly colored, so dive boats can easily spot them and you, more importantly.

Free-diving Snorkels

Free-diving snorkels are often the simplest models. They are made without a complex purging system and valves to limit breathing noise; snorkels are also shorter to quickly expel water from the tube and easily tuck away. They usually have a slightly larger diameter to ventilate between two dive immersions properly. They are one of the best for Combat swimmers to use, as they are small and can be packed away quickly and come in dark colors.

Types of Snorkels

There are four common types of snorkels, and each has its advantages and disadvantages.

Classic

The classic snorkel, also called a J-style snorkel, is a plastic tube with a mouthpiece attached. This snorkel is usually slightly bent, but it can also be made to fit a more specific shape. The SCUBAPRO Apnea snorkel can be rolled up and easily stored in a pocket or attached to the sides or bottom of a Rebreather. This is the one best suited for combat swimmer operations.

Flexible Snorkel

The flexible snorkel has a purge valve. This snorkel has a flexible portion and a rigid portion, as well as a one-way valve located at the bottom that makes it easier to expel any water that may get into the snorkel. The added flexibility allows divers to fit the snorkel better around their masks and faces. The purge valve at the bottom of the mouthpiece helps ensure uninterrupted breathing as it flushes water out every time you exhale.

Simi Dry

The semi-dry snorkel is a mix of a classic and dry snorkel. The top features a splashguard, and sometimes even a flexible tube and a purge valve. The splashguard at the top helps prevent splashes or sprays of water quickly entering the tube. It doesn’t stop all the water from entering, especially if you fully submerge yourself underwater or if water covers the top like in a high wave.

Dry

The dry snorkel has a valve at the top of the snorkel. The valve blocks water and air when the snorkel is submerged—and a purge valve at the bottom. They are great for snorkeling on the surface and occasionally diving without worrying about constantly clearing water out of the tube. When used for diving, the advantage is that divers don’t have to clear them of water when they reach the surface.

As with semi-dry snorkels, the one-way purge valve at the bottom allows the user to flush water out with a few quick exhalations easily. While the dry snorkel is more convenient and efficient, it can also have its drawbacks. The valve at the top of the snorkel can sometimes become blocked. The dry snorkel may also be more buoyant underwater.

www.SCUBAPRO.com

Sneak Peek – Primary Arms Discovery 2022

Sunday, January 2nd, 2022

Discovery 2022 is Primary Arms’ new product showcase. Their theme this year is “size matters.” I can’t wait to see what they are launching.

Discovery 2022 is going live on January 10th at www.primaryarms.com/primary-arms-new-products

Army Software Factory’s Second Cohort Gears Up for Phase 2 of Program

Sunday, January 2nd, 2022

AUSTIN, Texas — The Army Software Factory, the Army’s newly launched effort to train a select cadre of Soldiers and Army Civilians in modern software development, is frequently recognized for its innovation, tech collaboration and future-oriented approach, but is equally defined by the enthusiasm of its rising coders.

Participants in the Austin-based program, who are selected through a competitive application process, arrive from all over the country to learn the essentials of coding, app development, platform management and user design – all in a concerted effort to build a stronger, more agile Army.

Many of the current participants were drawn to apply to the Software Factory in part because of its unique model, which offers the ability to transform an individual with no previous experience in software development to an advanced software developer within the span of three years.

The program — which welcomed an initial, 25-person cohort in January and a second, 30-person cohort in July — begins with immersive classroom learning but quickly transitions to peer mentor-paired training. During this second, hands-on phase, participants learn the ins and outs of software development from experienced tech industry partners while working in small teams to tackle real-life projects for Army clients.

While the initial cohorts have yet to reach later stages of the program, the plan is for students to gradually attain a level of knowledge that allows them to assist in training new Software Factory members, creating a learning and growth framework that embraces the program’s motto of “By Soldiers. For Soldiers.”

With the Software Factory already preparing to welcome its third cohort in early 2022, we sat down with some of its second cohort members earlier this month to learn more about their motivations for joining the groundbreaking program, as well as to hear about their experiences thus far.

Below are some of the insights they shared, which highlight not only how the Software Factory is molding Army leaders, but how current software development efforts are helping to shape future tech readiness at the tactical edge.

Cpt. Keyshawn Lee, 26, joined the Software Factory because he “wanted to be a part of something trailblazing, something that can really drive change,” he said.

He was working as a human resources officer at Fort Carson, Colorado, when he found out about the chance to join the program’s second cohort.

Lee, who grew up in a military family, was motivated to apply because he saw how advancing software resources could improve Army systems as a whole, with potentially life-saving implications.

“The faster we can iterate, the faster we can pivot, the faster we can deploy software, that’s equated to seconds on the battlefield, time on the battlefield and lives on the battlefield, which is most important,” Lee said.

In terms of the immersive classroom learning phase of the program, “it was everything I expected,” Lee said. “It was fun, I learned a lot and it was very applicable being able to learn it and then implement it right then and there.”

Lee particularly appreciates the teamwork emphasis of the program and the support of his colleagues at the Software Factory; “they motivate me to do better,” he said.

He looks forward to applying skills he has learned thus far in the program with his own background knowledge — including project management insights gained through his master of business administration degree — when delving into projects for Army clients.

“I really want to continue to step outside my comfort zone and just really learn to make great products to help our Soldiers,” Lee said.

Cpt. Ammar Masoud, 47, is not new to the world of coding, having previously worked for a software development company in the private sector, but he is nevertheless thrilled to be learning new software skills as a member of the Software Factory.

“Right now, I’m living the best of both worlds,” Masoud said. “I love coding, I love technology and I love IT, but I love serving at the same time.”

“I’m still a military officer, but I’m an Army coder,” Masoud reflected. “That’s unheard of before.”

Masoud has been in the Army for 16 years, serving in both Reserve and active-duty roles. His previous experiences as a Soldier include working as a cryptologic voice interceptor, a civil–military relations and a civil affairs officer, as well as completing deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan. He is the first civil affairs officer to have been selected from the Army Special Operations Forces community to join the Software Factory.

Now that he has finished the classroom portion of the program, Masoud looks forward to “working on very complex projects that will bring value to Soldiers, to the Army, to DoD and our country.”

“I want to be part of creating software tools that will save lives, will add value, will save time for Soldiers and just make their work better over time,” he said.

As a former Soldier and current Department of the Army civilian, Lawrence Eckles, 56, is familiar with the opportunities and constraints presented by legacy Army IT systems.

During his early deployments, “the intelligence we got was usually about four days old,” he said. Thankfully, “the digital systems the Army uses now are much more responsive,” providing information within minutes instead of days.

Eckles, who is from Cleveland, Ohio, and joined the Army at 17, left active duty in 2002 due to medical reasons but still felt the urge to serve. “I wasn’t finished yet,” he said.

He went on to serve as a contractor for the Army, eventually joining the DA in 2017 as an IT specialist.

He is now one of the first five DA civilians to have joined the Army Software Factory.

“What they’re trying to do here — getting applications in the hands of Soldiers within a matter of months — is amazing, and it’s never been done before,” Eckles said.

He added that he has “felt very welcomed” to the team, which has helped “set the standard for what we are going to do next.”

“I’m just really, really grateful to have this opportunity, and grateful to everyone who has laid the groundwork for this,” Eckles said.

Andrew Graham, 26, is a DA civilian who worked as a computer engineer for the Army for four-and-a-half years before joining the Software Factory.

He was based out of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, when he saw the announcement for the program and jumped at the opportunity to learn additional software skills while experiencing life in Austin.

Graham, who grew up in the suburbs of Oklahoma City and received an electrical engineering degree from Rice University, has enjoyed the mix of learning and contributing to learning that he has been able to partake in at the Software Factory.

As a former League of Legends amateur tournament organizer, a job that involved “a lot of people asking the same question over and over again,” he also understands the importance of clear guidance. He has been able to apply that understanding to his role at the Software Factory, where having helpful software development instructions is essential for learning, conveying and preserving information.

During his time at the Software Factory, Graham has observed the benefits of having both Soldiers and DA Civilians present. “You need to make sure you’re not making echo chambers or silos and are bringing in other perspectives,” he explained.

Graham looks forward to the hands-on aspects of Phase 2 and hopes to play an integral role in further Army initiatives, including by continually exploring the question of “What’s the best thing we can do for bettering the whole Army?”

Staff Sgt. Aaron Lawson, 34, joined the Software Factory after working as a unit logistics specialist for the Army.

A native of San Antonio, Lawson lived in Texas and Georgia with his grandfather, a command sergeant major, before joining the Army at 17.

He served on active duty for a number of years before transitioning to a Reserve role and working as a software developer and integrator for a private company. However, he soon found that he “really missed being with Soldiers and wearing the uniform every day,” so decided to rejoin the Army as an active-duty Soldier.

Lawson sees the Software Factory as offering a compelling blend of his interests as a Soldier and as a software developer. He also has firsthand experience with some of the Army’s existing software systems and is eager to learn the tools to help improve them.

Thus far, he has been very pleased with the journey toward that aim.

“I’m incredibly impressed and extremely proud to work with everyone here at the Software Factory,” Lawson said.

He has found the Software Factory’s culture to be “very inviting,” and describes its efforts as highly impactful and rewarding.

“I love being a Soldier and doing things for Soldiers,” Lawson said.

DA Civilian Stephen Scott, 25, had never lived outside of New Jersey before moving to Austin earlier this year to join the Software Factory.

He learned about the chance to get more involved in furthering Army software development while working as a weapons systems software engineer at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey.

“I was always interested in technology in general,” Scott said, sharing that he was a member of his high school’s robotics team before studying computer science in college.

He was inspired to apply to the Software Factory after reading a description of the program in an email and remembers thinking “that would be a cool experience; that’d be a good way to learn, a good way to build my skillset and have an immediate impact.”

“It’s a very different type of programming,” Scott said of the app-focused programming he is learning. He added that “everyone has completely different backgrounds and different skillsets coming in, which I think is a good thing.”

“I have learned a lot, and I definitely feel like my overall knowledge of skills has drastically improved over the past few months,” Scott shared.

Josh Farrington, 29, is a DA Civilian who comes to the Army Software Factory from Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, where he worked as a software developer for the Aviation Mission Planning System.

Born and raised in Huntsville, Alabama, Farrington was familiar with the defense community growing up. He joined the DA after graduating from college with a degree in industrial and systems engineering.

Farrington views the Software Factory as providing a valuable opportunity to expand his software programming experience while also working more closely alongside Soldiers and experiencing life in Austin.

“I’m excited to write code that’s actually going to get used to start solving problems,” Farrington said.

He added that he was “really drawn by the ability to work directly with Soldiers,” explaining that the Soldiers he works with frequently provide helpful insights into the ways in which certain technologies would be useful in the field.

“It has made it more real, the impact I’m having as a DA civilian,” Farrington said.

The Army Software Factory acknowledged the achievements of Lee, Masoud, Eckles, Graham, Lawson, Scott, Farrington and the remaining members of Cohort 2 during a Dec. 17 recognition ceremony in Austin, which marked the transition from the cohort’s classroom learning phase to a hands-on training stage.

By Maureena Thompson, Army Futures Command

Federal Ammunition Joins Rare Companies by Turning 100 Years Old in 2022

Saturday, January 1st, 2022

ANOKA, Minnesota – January 1, 2022 – Estimates show less than one percent of all companies make it to their 100th year in business. Federal Ammunition joins this extraordinary group in 2022 and has plans to celebrate all year long. Its official date of incorporation was April 27, 1922, but the festivities will start now.

Jason Vanderbrink, Federal’s President offered his thoughts: “The entire staff of 1,500 hard-working Americans in Anoka, Minnesota is extremely proud to celebrate a full century of continuous and successful operation. We appreciate those who came before us to make this possible and look forward to taking Federal into its next century.”

Federal kicks off the year by lighting up a 100th Anniversary sign on top of one its silos in Anoka and will continue to tout its accomplishment with limited availability throwback packaging, special merchandise available on its website, an exhibit at the Anoka County Historical Society Museum and much more.

“Our workforce and business have never been stronger than they are today, and we owe it to a century of continuous innovation across every department in the company. Many people and partners have contributed to our success and I’m proud to join the current team in making sure that tradition of excellence continues.”

A special edition magazine, on your favorite newsstand right now, and coffee table book are also planned, along with many recollections online and via social media of the fun and interesting facts from throughout Federal’s history.

For more information on all products and online services from Federal or to shop online, visit www.federalpremium.com.

Counting Elephants – The Hark-1 Radio

Saturday, January 1st, 2022

As Vietnam heated up, the Agency’s need for eyes on the Laotian panhandle increased beyond the support that could be provided by Thai PARU and RTSF advisors. As a result, the CIA was forced to look for other solutions to communicate with its illiterate Lao Theung road watching teams targeting the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

To tackle this problem, the Agency came up with a radio that used pictograms to communicate what a team saw. Crafted from a modified USAF survival unit, the Hark-1 or Hark Box was released early in 1967.

Note the depictions of armor, artillery, AAA, trucks, porters, soldiers, time of day, and direction of travel. The circular button at the center was used to transmit the tally of what was seen moving north and southbound on the trail to an airborne relay station. While the radio doesn’t appear to have a pictogram for elephants, it was given the affection moniker “the Elephant Counter” by Paramilitary Officers involved in the project. To avoid detection, the Hark road watching teams – sometimes numbering up to twenty-four road watchers on a target like the Mu Gia Pass – would be inserted via unmarked “Pony Express” CH-3s very far from their objective.

On the third slide you can see the Hark-1 with antenna deployed in front of Case Officer, Gene Norwinski during a briefing in Savannakhet. The project was wrapped up in 1969 having been overshadowed by a variety of Pentagon projects and new sensors and night vision capabilities like those present on the AC-130.

Written by @Immurement

Happy New Year!

Saturday, January 1st, 2022